<item><hi format=bold>Birth rate:</hi> 42.12 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Death rate:</hi> 20.59 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Net migration rate:</hi> 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Infant mortality rate:</hi> 131.8 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Life expectancy at birth:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>total population:</hi> 40.79 years
<item>• <hi format=ital>male:</hi> 39.7 years
<item>• <hi format=ital>female:</hi> 41.94 years (1994 est.)
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Total fertility rate:</hi> 5.33 children born/woman (1994 est.)
<item><hi format=bold>Nationality:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>noun:</hi> Chadian(s)
<item>• <hi format=ital>adjective:</hi> Chadian
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Ethnic divisions:</hi>
<list style=hang>
<item>• <hi format=ital>north and center:</hi> Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, and Maba)
<item>• <hi format=ital>south:</hi> non-Muslims (Sara, Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa) nonindigenous 150,000, of whom 1,000 are French
</list>
<item><hi format=bold>Religions:</hi> Muslim 50%, Christian 25%, indigenous beliefs, animism 25%
<item><hi format=bold>Languages:</hi> French (official), Arabic (official), Sara (in south), Sango (in south), more than 100 different languages and dialects are spoken
<item><hi format=bold>Literacy:</hi> age 15 and over can read and write French or Arabic (1990 est.)